Sir Edmund Barton, PC, GCMG, KC
(Protectionist Party)

1 January 1901 - 24 September 1903
(2 years, 8 months, 24 days)

Alfred Deakin
(Protectionist Party)

24 September 1903 - 27 April 1904
(7 months, 4 days)

John Christian Watson
(Australian Labor Party)

27 April 1904 - 17 August 1904
(3 months, 21 days)

George Houstoun Reid (later Sir George), PC, KC
(Free Trade)

18 August 1904 - 5 July 1905
(10 months, 18 days)

Alfred Deakin
(Protectionist Party)

5 July 1905 - 13 November 1908
(3 years, 4 months, 9 days)

Andrew Fisher
(Australian Labor Party)

13 November 1908 - 2 June 1909
(6 months, 21 days)

Alfred Deakin
(Protectionist Party)

2 June 1909 - 29 April 1910
(10 months, 28 days)

Andrew Fisher
(Australian Labor Party)

29 April 1910 - 24 June 1913
(3 years, 1 month, 26 days)

Joseph Cook (later Sir Joseph)
(Liberal Party of Australia)

24 June 1913 - 17 September 1914
(1 year, 2 months, 25 days)

Andrew Fisher
(Australian Labor Party)

17 September 1914 - 27 October 1915
(1 year, 1 month, 11 days)

William Morris Hughes
(Australian Labor Party; Nationalist Party from 1917)

27 October 1915 - 9 February 1923
(7 years, 3 months, 14 days)

Stanley Melbourne Bruce, PC, CH, MC
(Nationalist Party)

9 February 1923 - 22 October 1929
(6 years, 8 months, 14 days)

James Henry Scullin, PC
(Australian Labor Party)

22 October 1929 - 6 January 1932
(2 years, 2 months, 16 days)

Joseph Aloysius Lyons, PC, CH
(United Australia Party)

6 January 1932 - 7 April 1939
(7 years, 3 months, 2 days)

Sir Earle Christmas Grafton Page, PC, GCMG
(Australian Country Party)

7 April 1939 - 26 April 1939
(20 days)

Robert Gordon Menzies, PC, KC
(United Australia Party)

26 April 1939 - 29 August 1941
(2 years, 4 months, 4 days)

Arthur William Fadden (later Sir Arthur)
(Country Party)

29 August 1941 - 7 October 1941
(1 month, 9 days)

John Curtin, PC
(Australian Labor Party)

7 October 1941 - 5 July 1945
(3 years, 8 months, 29 days)

Francis Michael Forde, PC
(Australian Labor Party)

6 July 1945 - 13 July 1945
(8 days)

Joseph Benedict Chifley, PC
(Australian Labor Party)

13 July 1945 - 19 December 1949
(4 years, 5 months, 7 days)

Robert Gordon Menzies (later Sir Robert), PC, KC
(Liberal Party of Australia)

19 December 1949 - 26 January 1966
(16 years, 1 month, 8 days)

Harold Edward Holt, PC, CH
(Liberal Party of Australia)

26 January 1966 - 19 December 1967
(1 year, 10 months, 23 days)

John McEwen (later Sir John), PC
(Country Party)

19 December 1967 - 10 January 1968
(23 days)

John Grey Gorton, PC
(Liberal Party of Australia)

10 January 1968 - 10 March 1971
(3 years, 2 months)

William McMahon (later Sir William), PC, CH
(Liberal Party of Australia)

10 March 1971 - 5 December 1972
(1 year, 8 months, 25 days)

Edward Gough Whitlam, QC
(Australian Labor Party)

5 December 1972 - 11 November 1975
(2 years, 11 months, 7 days)

John Malcolm Fraser, PC, CH
(Liberal Party of Australia)

11 November 1975 - 11 March 1983
(7 years, 4 months)

Robert James Lee Hawke, AC
(Australian Labor Party)

11 March 1983 - 20 December 1991
(8 years, 9 months, 10 days)

Paul John Keating
(Australian Labor Party)

20 December 1991 - 11 March 1996
(4 years, 2 months, 20 days)

John Winston Howard
(Liberal Party of Australia)

11 March 1996 - 3 December 2007
(11 years, 8 months 22 days)

Kevin Michael Rudd
(Australian Labor Party)

3 December 2007 -